| CONDITION |
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEM |
REDUCED INTAKE
NEEDED |
INCREASED INTAKE
NEEDED |
 |
| Alcohol
abuse |
- Ethanol (alcohol) toxicity
- Energy(kilocalorie or kilojoule)
excess
- Vitamin deficiencies:
- Element (mineral) deficiencies:
|
- All alcoholic
beverages |
- Nutrient-dense
foods (foods with a high concentration of essential nutrients) |
| Diabetes |
- Weight control
- Blood glucose (sugar) should
be kept between 3.5 and 9 millimoles per litre (mmol/l).
- Blood fats (cholesterol and triglycerides)
should be normal (cholesterol less than 6.5mmol/l, triglycerides
less than 1.8 mmol/l).
|
- Energy-dense foods (foods
high in calories)
- Foods with little dietary fibre
- Animal (saturated) fat
- Large quantities of food at any one
time (food intake should be spread out)
|
- Wholegrain cereals
- Vegetables (especially legumes)
- Fruits
|
| Coronary
heart disease, where blood fats are high (hyperlipidaemia)
Also for other
atherosclerotic vascular diseases (hardening
of the arteries)
|
- High blood cholesterol
- High blood triglycerides
- Low blood level of high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)
- Sticky platelets (small blood cells
contributing to clots and thromboses)
|
- Fatty foods, especially
of animal origin
- Cholesterol-rich foods
- Foods with little dietary fibre
|
- Wholegrain cereals
- Vegetables
- Fruits
- Fish
|
| Hypertension
(high blood pressure) |
- Blood pressure
is raised by:
- High sodium
- Low potassium
- High ethanol
- High body weight
- Low polyunsaturated to saturated
fat ratio
- Low dietary-fibre-rich foods
|
- Energy-dense
foods
- Alcohol
- Sodium-rich foods
- Animal fats
|
- Potassium-containing
foods
- Dietary-fibre-rich foods
|
| Osteoarthritis
(degeneration of weight-bearing joints such as hips and knees) |
- Overweight |
- Energy-dense foods (especially
foods with high fat, alcohol-containing, and with low dietary fibre) |
. |
| Gout |
- High uric acid level in
blood and/or urine |
- Alcoholic beverages
- Energy-dense foods
- Purine-rich foods (foods with much
nuclei acid, such as organ meats and yeast)
|
. |
| Coeliac
disease |
- Sensitivity of gut lining
to gluten, resulting in poor absorption of nutrients |
- Wheat flour and products
containing gluten, e.g. barley, rye, buckwheat, malt, oats |
- Maize, soya, rice and
potato can be used safely |
| Cystic
fibrosis (resulting in growth retardation and vitamin deficiencies) |
- Inadequate digestive capacity
because of reduced enzyme production by the pancreas
- Altered sweat gland secretion
|
. |
- Energy-dense foods according
to individual tolerance
- Nutrient-dense foods (some foods
are both nutrient and energy dense)
- Adequate salt intake
|
