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| Appendix A |  |
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| Appendix B | ||
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| Further Reading | ||
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APPENDIX A
IDENTIFICATION OF FOOD ADDITIVES
In general, when food additives are used in food their presence must be declared in the ingredient list on the label. Most additives approved for food use have been assigned a code number and they can be identified on labels either by this number or by their prescribed name.If you want to identify the food additive corresponding to a particular code number on a label, then use Table 1. The code numbers are arranged numerically. Locate the code number in the left-hand column of the table, and then read across to find the name of the approved food additive.
If you want to find out which foods contain a particular food additive, then use Table 2. The prescribed names of approved food additives are arranged alphabetically. Locate the prescribed name of the additive in the left-hand column of the table, and then read across to find the corresponding code number. The additive can be identified on most food labels by this number.
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TABLE 1: Code numbers associated with prescribed additive names
CODE NUMBER
for approved food additivesPRESCRIBED NAME 100 Curcumin 101 Riboflavin 102 Tartrazine 107 Yellow 26 110 Sunset yellow FCF 120 Carmines 122 Azorubine 123 Amaranth 124 Ponceau 4R 127 Erythrosine 132 Indigotine 133 Brilliant blue FCF 140 Chlorophylls 142 Green S 150 Caramel 151 Brilliant black BN 153 Carbon black 155 Brown HT 160 Beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester 160 Carotenes 160 (a) Beta carotene 160(b) Annatto (bixin, norbixin) 160(e) Beta-apo-8'-carotenal 160 (f) Beta-apo-8' -carotenoic acid ethyl ester 161(g) Xanthophylls 161 Canthaxanthin 162 Beet red 163 Anthocyanins 170 Calcium carbonate 171 Titanium dioxide 172 Iron oxides 200 Sorbic acid 201 Sodium sorbate 202 Potassium sorbate 203 Calcium sorbate 210 Benzoic acid 211 Sodium benzoate 212 Potassium benzoate 213 Calcium benzoate 220 Sulphur dioxide 221 Sodium sulphite 222 Sodium bisulphite 223 Sodium metabisulphite 224 Potassium metabisulphite 234 Nisin 249 Potassium nitrite 250 Sodium nitrite 251 Sodium nitrate 252 Potassium nitrate 260 Acetic acid 261 Potassium acetate 262 Sodium acetate 262 Sodium diacetate 263 Calcium acetate 270 Lactic acid 280 Propionic acid 281 Sodium propionate 282 Calcium propionate 283 Potassium propionate 290 Carbon dioxide 296 Malic acid 297 Fumaric acid 300 Ascorbic acid 301 Sodium ascorbate 306 Tocopherols 307 dl-a-Tocopherol 310 Propyl gallate 311 Octyl gallate 312 Dodecyl gallate 320 Butylated hydroxyanisole 321 Butylated hydroxytoluene 322 Lecithins 325 Sodium lactate 326 Potassium lactate 327 Calcium lactate 330 Citric acid 331 Sodium citrate 332 Potassium citrate 333 Calcium citrate 334 Tartaric acid 335 Sodium tartrate 336 Potassium bitartrate 336 Potassium tartrate 337 Potassium sodium tartrate 338 Phosphoric acid 339 Sodium phosphate 340 Potassium phosphate 341 Calcium phosphate 343 Magnesium phosphate 350 Sodium malate 351 Potassium malate 352 Calcium malate 353 Metatartaric acid 354 Calcium tartrate 355 Adipic acid 375 Niacin 380 Ammonium citrate 400 Alginic acid 401 Sodium alginate 402 Potassium alginate 403 Ammonium alginate 404 Calcium alginate 405 Propylene glycol alginate 406 Agar agar 407 Carrageenan 410 Locust bean gum 412 Guar gum 413 Tragacanth 414 Acacia gum 415 Xanthan gum 416 Karaya gum 420 Sorbitol 421 Mannitol 422 Glycerol 433 Polysorbate 80 435 Polysorbate 60 436 Polysorbate 65 440(a) Pectin 442 Ammonium phosphatides 450 Potassium polyphosphate 450 Sodium polyphosphate 460 Cellulose 461 Methylcellulose 464 Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 465 Ethylmethylcellulose 466 Carboxymethylcellulose 471 Mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids 472(b) Glycerol lactostearate 472(e) Diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids 473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids 475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids 476 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid 481 Sodium stearoyl lactylate 482 Calcium stearoyl lactylate 491 Sorbitan monostearate 500 Sodium carbonate 500 Sodium bicarbonate 501 Potassium carbonate 501 Potassium bicarbonate 503 Ammonium carbonate 503 Ammonium bicarbonate 504 Magnesium carbonate 508 Potassium chloride 509 Calcium chloride 510 Ammonium chloride 511 Magnesium chloride 514 Sodium sulphate 515 Potassium sulphate 516 Calcium sulphate 529 Calcium oxide 536 Potassium ferrocyanide 541 Sodium aluminium phosphate 542 Bone phosphate 551 Silicon dioxide 552 Calcium silicate 553(b) Talc 554 Sodium alumino silicate 558 Bentonite 559 Kaolin 570 Stearic acid 572 Magnesium stearate 575 Glucono-delta-lactone 578 Calcium gluconate 620 Glutamic acid 621 Monosodium glutamate 622 Monopotassium glutamate 623 Calcium glutamate 624 Monoammonium glutamate 625 Magnesium glutamate 627 Disodium 5'-guanylate 631 Disodium 5'-inosinate 636 Maltol 637 Ethyl maltol 900 Dimethylpolysiloxane 901 Beeswax 903 Carnauba wax 904 Shellac 905 Mineral oil 920 L-Cysteine 924 Potassium bromate 925 Chlorine 926 Chlorine dioxide
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TABLE 2: To determine which foods contain a particular additive.
APPROVED FOOD ADDITIVES CODE NUMBERS Acacia gum 414 Acetic acid 260 Acetylated distarch adipate - Acetylated distarch phosphate - Adipic acid 355 Agar 406 Alginic acid 400 Alkanet - Alkannin - Allura red - Amaranth 123 Ammonium acetate - Ammonium alginate 403 Ammonium bicarbonate 503 Ammonium carbonate 503 Ammonium chloride 510 Ammonium citrate - Ammonium fumarate - Ammonium lactate - Ammonium malate - Ammonium phosphatides 442 Ammonium tartrate - Annatto 160(b) Anthocyanins 163 Ascorbic acid 300 Aspartame - Azorubine 122 Beeswax 901 Beet red 162 Bentonite 558 Benzoic acid 210 Benzoyl peroxide - Beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid - Beta carotene 160(a) Betanin 162(b) Bixin 160 Bleached starches - Bane phosphate 542 Brilliant black BN 151 Brilliant blue FCF 133 Bromelain - Brown HT 155 Butane - Butylated hydroxyanisole 320 Butylated hydroxytoluene 321 Calcium - Calcium acetate 263 Calcium alginate 404 Calcium benzoate 213 Calcium carbonate 170 Calcium chloride 509 Calcium citrate 333 Calcium cyclamate - Calcium cyclohexylsulphamate - Calcium diglutamate 623 Calcium fumarate - Calcium gluconate 578 Calcium hydroxy-phosphate - Calcium lactate 327 Calcium malate 352 Calcium oxide 529 Calcium phosphate 341 Calcium propionate 282 Calcium silicate 552 Calcium sodium aluminosilicate - Calcium sorbate 203 Calcium stearate - Calcium stearoyl lactylate 482 Calcium sulphate 516 Calcium tartrate 354 Canthaxanthin 161(g) Caramel 150 Carbon blacks 153 Carbon dioxide 290 Carboxymethylcellulose 466 Carmines 120 Carnauba wax 903 Carotenes 160 Carrageenan 407 Cellulose 460 Chlorine 925 Chlorine dioxide 926 Chlorophyll 140 Citric acid 330 Crocetin - Crocin - Curcumin 100 Cyanocobalamin - Cyclamate - Cyclamic acid see Cyclamate Cysteine (L-) 920 Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-and diglycerides 472(e) Diglycerides of fat-forming fatty acids 471 Dimethylpolysiloxane 900 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate - Disodium 5'-guanylate 627 Disodium 5'-inosinate 631 Distarch phosphate - Dodecyl gallate 312 Edible bone phosphate 542 Erythorbic acid - Erythrosine 127 Ethyl beta-apo-8'-carotenoate 160(f) Ethyl citrate - Ethyl maltol 637 Ficin - Fumaric acid 297 Gelatine - Gentian - Glucono-delta-lactone 575 Glutamic acid 620 Glycerol 422 Glyceryl lactostearate 472(b) Glyceryl monostearate 471 Green S 142 Guar gum 412 Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 464 Indigotine 132 Iodine - Iron - Iron oxide 172 Isoascorbic acid see Erythorbic acid Isobutane - Kaolin 559 Karay gum 416 Lactic acid 270 Larch gum - Lecithins 322 Locust bean gum 410 Magnesium carbonate 504 Magnesium chloride 511 Magnesium diglutamate 625 Magnesium phosphate 343 Magnesium stearate 572 Malic acid 296 Maltol 636 Mannitol 421 Metatartartic acid 353 Methyl beta-apo8'-carotenoate 160 Methylcellulose 461 Methylethylcellulose 465 Microcrystalline cellulose 460 Mineral oil 905 Monoglycerides of fat-forming fatty acids 471 Monoammonium glutamate 624 Monopotassium glutamate 622 Monosodium glutamate 621 Monostarch phosphate - Niacin 375 Nisin 234 Nitrogen - Nitrous oxide - Norbixin 160 Octafluorocyclobutane - Octyl gallate 311 Oxidised starches - Ozone - Papain - Paraffin 905 Pectin 440(a) Phosphated distarch phosphate - Phospholipids see Lecithins Phosphoric acid 338 Phosphorus - Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids 475 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid 476 Polysorbate 60 435 Polysorbate 65 436 Polysorbate 80 433 Ponceau 4R 124 Potassium acetate 261 Potassium alginate 402 Potassium benzoate 212 Sodium bicarbonate 500 Sodium bicitrate 331 Sodium bimalate 350 Sodium bisulphite 222 Sodium bitartrate 335 Sodium bromate - Sodium carbonate 500 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose - Sodium caseinate - Sodium chloride - Sodium citrate 331 Sodium cyclamate - Sodium diacetate 262 Sodium erythorbate - Sodium fumarate - Sodium iodate - Sodium iodide - Sodium isoascorbate see Sodium erythorbate Sodium lactate 325 Sodium malate 350 Sodium metabisulphite 223 Sodium metaphosphate 450 Sodium nitrate 251 Sodium nitrite 250 Sodium phosphate 339 Sodium polyphosphate 450 Sodium propionate 281 Sodium pyrophosphates 450 Sodium silico aluminate see Sodium alumino silicate Sodium sorbate 201 Sodium stearoyl lactylate 481 Sodium sulphate 514 Sodium sulphite 221 Sodium tartrate 335 Sorbic acid 200 Sorbitan monostearate 491 Sorbitol 420 Starch - Starch acetate - Stearic acid 570 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate - Sucrose esters of fatty acids 473 Sulphur dioxide 220 Sunset yellow FCF 110 Talc 553(b) Tannic acid - Tartaric acid 334 Potassium bicarbonate 501 Potassium bicitrate 332 Potassium bitartrate 336 Potassium bromate 924 Potassium carbonate 501 Potassium chloride 508 Potassium citrate 332 Potassium ferrocyanide 536 Potassium fumarate - Potassium iodate - Potassium iodide - Potassium lactate 326 Potassium malate 351 Potassium metabisulphite 224 Potassium metaphosphate 450 Potassium nitrate 252 Potassium nitrite 249 Potassium phosphate 340 Potassium polyphosphate 450 Potassium propionate 283 Potassium pyrophosphate 450 Potassium sodium tartrate 337 Potassium sorbate 202 Potassium sulphate 515 Potassium sulphite - Potassium tartrate 336 Propane - Propionic acid 280 Propyl gallate 310 Propylene glycol - Propylene glycol alginate 405 Propylene glycol stearate - Quinine - Riboflavin 101 Saccharin - Saffron - Salt see Sodium chloride Shellac 904 Silicon dioxide 551 Sodium acetate 262 Sodium alginate 401 Sodium aluminium phosphate 541 Sodium alumino silicate 554 Sodium ascorbate 301 Sodium benzoate 211 Tartrazine 102 Tertiary butylhydroquinone - Thiamine see Vitamin B-1 Titanium dioxide 171 Tocopherols 306 Tragacanth gum 413 Triacetin - Triammonium citrate 380 Triethanolamine - Triethyl citrate - Turmeric - Vitamin A - Vitamin B-1 - Vitamin B-2 - Vitamin B-12 - Vitamin C - Vitamin D - Xanthan gum - Xanthophylls 161 Yellow 2G 107
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